Gout was once a “disease for kings” due to the excessive consumption of alcohol and heavy foods. It is now more common in the mass population.

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What is Gout?

Gout prevalence has more than doubled in the United States over the past 30 year according to research. A 2019 study published in English in Arthritis & Rheumatology found that gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis.

Experts believe the rise in cases of gout is due to high blood pressure and obesity. Gout can be caused by being overweight or taking diuretics to treat hypertension.

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Age is a factor in the increase in risk. Research shows that the disease is present in 13% and 6% respectively of men and women before the age 75.

Gout is twice as common in men than it is in women, at least up to age 60. This is because women’s hormones protect against the disease. Jasvinder Singh M.D., professor of Medicine at the University of Alabama Birmingham and director of research on rheumatology at Birmingham Veterans Medical Center. After menopause, women are more likely to develop this condition.

It can cause severe Joint Pain

Gout is one the oldest known diseases. It is caused by prolonged accumulations of uric acid. Gout is caused by uric acid crystals forming in the joints. This causes severe swelling and pain.

The most common joint to be affected is the one at the base your big toe. Gout can affect any joint, even the ankle, knee, or elbow. You’ll be able to tell it when it happens.

Philip Chu, M.D., a Duke Health physician, says that while you will feel normal, you will feel fine and then suddenly you’ll experience intense pain.

Patients often end up in the emergency department because of their intense pain.

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Chu observes that patients can go quickly from feeling 0 pain to feeling 10 out of 10, very quickly. It can be worsened by the smallest movement or touch. It can even cause discomfort for patients to wear a sheet on top.

Gout is diagnosed by a doctor who will either order a blood test to check the level of uric acid or take fluid from the affected joint and search for uric crystals.

Flares are a form of gout attack that can last from a few days to a full week. This is when anti-inflammatory medication, steroids, and a medication called collchicine can relieve the pain.

Gout attacks Prevention

Singh says that some patients might not have another attack for up to five years after the initial one. The third attack usually happens within six months to one year. As time goes by, attacks become more common.

Gout attacks without treatment can cause stiffness, joint pain, severe joint problems, nodules called tophi under the skin, and eventually permanent bone or joint damage.

Gout attacks can be prevented by lifestyle changes such as weight loss, abstinence from alcohol and a healthy diet. Consuming low-fat milk or low-fat cheese can help reduce uric acid levels. Your doctor might recommend that you avoid alcohol, seafood, sugary drinks, and red meat (especially organ meats) as these contain purines which can cause a flare-up.

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Lifestyle changes are unlikely to reverse or counteract gout. According to Singh, most patients will be able to prevent future attacks by taking a uric-lowering medication such as allopurinol and febuxostat.

The American College of Rheumatology recommends that patients with at least two flares per year or those who have experienced a flare-up as well as elevated uric acid, kidney problems, tophi nodules, signs of joint damage, and certain other conditions, take medication.